Krüoprotektoritena

Krüoprotektoritena, commonly referred to as cryoprotectants, are substances that protect biological tissues from damage during freezing. These compounds are crucial for various cryopreservation techniques, ranging from preserving cells and tissues for research and medical purposes to more advanced applications like cryonics.

The primary mechanism by which cryoprotectants work is by lowering the freezing point of water and increasing its viscosity. This helps to prevent the formation of large ice crystals, which can rupture cell membranes and disrupt cellular structures. They can also penetrate cells, replacing some of the intracellular water and further reducing ice crystal formation. Additionally, some cryoprotectants act as vitrification agents, promoting the formation of a glass-like amorphous solid state instead of crystalline ice, which is less damaging.

Commonly used cryoprotectants include glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and certain sugars like trehalose. The choice of cryoprotectant and its concentration depend heavily on the type of biological material being preserved and the specific freezing protocol employed. Toxicity is a significant consideration, as high concentrations of some cryoprotectants can be harmful to cells. Therefore, careful optimization of concentrations and removal procedures after thawing are essential for successful cryopreservation.