Koostades

Koostades is an Estonian present adverbial participle formed from the verb koosta- meaning to compose, assemble, or prepare. The form denotes an action that occurs concurrently with the action of the main clause and is typically translated into English as “while composing” or “by composing.” As a non-finite verb form, koostades usually shares the subject with the main clause, and it does not introduce a new finite verb.

In use, koostades functions as a concise way to link two actions in a single sentence, most common in written Estonian and in formal registers. It can express background activity or the means by which something is accomplished. When the subject of the participle would differ from the subject of the main clause, writers often restructure the sentence instead of using the participle. Example: Koostades aruande, ta kontrollis andmed. Translation: While compiling the report, he checked the data. Another example: Koostades nimekirja, ta järgis järjekorda. This usage highlights the concurrent action without creating separate clauses, contributing to a compact stylistic option in Estonian syntax.