Konjunktursvängningarna

Konjunktursvängningarna, often referred to as business cycles, describe the recurrent fluctuations in economic activity that an economy experiences over time. These fluctuations are characterized by periods of expansion, when the economy grows, and periods of contraction, when it shrinks.

The expansion phase, also known as a boom, is marked by increasing gross domestic product (GDP), rising employment, growing consumer spending, and often an increase in inflation. Businesses typically invest more and produce at higher levels.

Conversely, a contraction, or recession, is characterized by a decline in GDP, rising unemployment, reduced consumer and business spending, and a potential decrease in inflation or even deflation. During recessions, businesses may cut production, lay off workers, and postpone investments.

The duration and intensity of these cycles can vary significantly. Factors influencing konjunktursvängningarna include changes in aggregate demand and supply, monetary and fiscal policies, technological advancements, and external shocks like natural disasters or geopolitical events. Economists study these cycles to understand their causes and to develop policies aimed at mitigating their negative effects and promoting stable economic growth.