Kondo
The Kondo effect is a many-body phenomenon in condensed matter physics that occurs when a localized magnetic impurity resides in a metal and interacts with conduction electrons. This interaction leads to anomalous scattering and a characteristic resistivity behavior, including a minimum in resistivity at low temperatures and a resistivity upturn as temperature decreases further, reflecting the increasing importance of spin-flip scattering.
The effect was explained by Jun Kondo in 1964, who showed that spin-flip scattering of conduction electrons
Theoretical descriptions of the Kondo effect rely on models such as the Kondo model (the s-d exchange
Experimentally, the Kondo effect has been observed in metals with dilute magnetic impurities, in heavy-fermion compounds
See also: Kondo temperature, Anderson impurity model, heavy fermion, quantum dot.