Kompleksiyhdisteinä

Kompleksiyhdisteinä is a term used in chemistry to describe compounds where a central metal atom or ion is bonded to a surrounding group of molecules or ions, known as ligands. These ligands donate electron pairs to the central metal, forming coordinate covalent bonds. The resulting structure is a complex ion, which can then combine with counterions to form a neutral complex compound.

The number of ligands directly bonded to the central metal atom is called the coordination number. This number is typically between 2 and 12, but is most commonly 4 or 6. The arrangement of ligands around the central metal determines the complex's geometry, which can be linear, square planar, tetrahedral, octahedral, or other shapes.

Complex compounds exhibit a wide range of properties and applications. They are crucial in biological systems, such as in hemoglobin (iron complex) for oxygen transport and chlorophyll (magnesium complex) for photosynthesis. In industry, complex compounds are used as catalysts, pigments, and in analytical chemistry. The study of complex compounds, known as coordination chemistry, is a significant branch of chemistry.