Kompleksaj

Kompleksaj is the plural adjective form in Esperanto meaning “complex” when describing plural nouns. In Esperanto, adjectives are declined for number but not for gender; the plural is marked by adding -j to the adjective. Therefore, the base form kompleksa or kompleksa- (depending on the noun) becomes kompleksaj when used with a plural noun. The word is used to describe things that consist of many interconnected parts or layers, such as ideas, systems, or problems.

In practice, kompleksaj is commonly seen in phrases like kompleksaj problemoj (complex problems) or kompleksaj situacioj (complex situations). It functions as a straightforward descriptor within the language’s grammar, without altering the root meaning of “complex.” The term is part of everyday Esperanto vocabulary and appears in both informal and formal contexts when characterizing multi-faceted or intricate subjects.

Etymology-wise, kompleksa derives from the root related to the concept of “complex,” a sense carried into Esperanto from European linguistic sources that contribute to the word’s meaning of something made of multiple parts. As with many Esperanto adjectives, kompleksaj maintains a regular pattern: added -j to indicate plurality, while the base stem remains unchanged. This regularity makes kompleksaj easy to combine with a wide range of plural nouns.

See also: kompleksa, komplekso, kompleksa nombro.