Kollagens

Kollagens are a group of fibrous structural proteins that are the main components of the extracellular matrix in various connective tissues within animals. They provide mechanical strength, stability, and elasticity to tissues such as skin, bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Collagens are characterized by their triple-helix structure, formed by three polypeptide chains known as alpha chains, which are rich in glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline.

There are at least 28 different types of collagen identified in mammals, with types I, II, and III being the most prevalent. Type I collagen is the most abundant, primarily found in skin, tendons, and bones. Type II is mainly present in cartilage, while type III is found in skin and blood vessels. Collagens are synthesized by specialized cells such as fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. The biosynthesis process involves the production of pro-collagen molecules, which are modified and assembled outside the cell into mature fibrils that form the structural framework of tissues.

Collagens are essential for tissue integrity and repair, and their degradation or abnormal production can lead to various medical conditions, including fibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and certain types of arthritis. Due to their health and cosmetic benefits, collagen supplements and products have gained popularity in the skincare industry.

In summary, kollagens are vital structural proteins that contribute to the strength, resilience, and function of connective tissues in animals. Their unique molecular architecture and diverse types reflect their crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity and supporting biological functions.