Kolindustrin

Kolindustrin refers to the sector involved in the extraction, processing, transport and sale of coal, a fossil fuel used for electricity, heat and as a feedstock in steelmaking. It covers mining, ore preparation such as washing and grading, and the logistical chains that move coal to end users. Coal is divided into thermal coal for power and heat, and metallurgical coal for steel production.

Historically a central pillar of industrialization, the kolindustrin grew with steam power, railways and smelting. In recent decades, production and market share have changed as countries shift toward lower-carbon energy systems. Major producers include China, India, the United States, Indonesia and Australia, with others importing coal to meet demand. The industry features long production lead times and price volatility tied to energy policy and freight costs.

Economic and social aspects include employment, regional development and export revenue, as well as infrastructure such as mines, rail networks and ports. The industry is sensitive to demand, exchange rates and policy signals, with cycles of investment and mine closures that can affect local communities and suppliers across the supply chain.

Environmental and policy considerations include CO2 and pollutant emissions, mining impacts, and landscape restoration. Regulation, carbon pricing and air quality standards influence profitability and demand while safety, worker health and water management remain central concerns. Many regions implement transition programs, retraining for workers and diversification strategies to reduce dependence on coal.

In the Swedish context, kolindustrin is a term used for the coal sector, but Sweden is not a major coal producer. Most coal is imported, and the energy mix prioritizes renewables and nuclear power. The industry has contracted over time, with ongoing emphasis on environmental safeguards and a managed transition away from coal use.