Kohdennettuhoito

Kohdennettuhoito, also known as targeted therapy, is a type of cancer treatment that specifically targets the genetic mutations or molecular abnormalities found in an individual's cancer cells. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which affects both cancerous and healthy cells, targeted therapy aims to selectively kill cancer cells without harming normal tissues. This approach is particularly useful for treating certain types of cancer, such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, where specific genetic alterations can be identified.

Targeted therapies can be categorized into several types, including:

1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): These drugs block the activity of specific proteins, known as tyrosine kinases, which are often overactive in cancer cells. Examples include imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia and gefitinib/erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer.

2. Monoclonal antibodies: These are laboratory-produced proteins that mimic the body's immune response. They can target and destroy cancer cells or block their ability to grow and spread. Examples include trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer and bevacizumab for various types of cancer.

3. mTOR inhibitors: These drugs inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is often activated in cancer cells. Examples include everolimus and temsirolimus.

4. PARP inhibitors: These drugs target the DNA repair mechanism in cancer cells, particularly in those with BRCA mutations. Examples include olaparib and rucaparib.

5. Immunotherapy: This approach enhances the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Examples include checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and ipilimumab.

The effectiveness of targeted therapy depends on the specific genetic mutations present in the cancer cells. Therefore, molecular testing is often performed to identify the appropriate targeted therapy for a patient. Kohdennettuhoito can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiation, to improve treatment outcomes. However, it is important to note that targeted therapies may have side effects and can sometimes lead to the development of resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, they should be used under the guidance of healthcare professionals.