Koagulationstests

Koagulationstests are laboratory tests used to evaluate the blood's ability to clot. These tests are crucial in diagnosing and monitoring bleeding disorders, as well as assessing the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications. The coagulation cascade is a complex series of enzymatic reactions involving various clotting factors that ultimately lead to the formation of a fibrin clot.

Several different tests can be performed to assess different aspects of the coagulation system. The Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) are commonly used screening tests. PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot in the presence of thromboplastin, assessing the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation. aPTT measures the time it takes for blood to clot in the presence of an activator, evaluating the intrinsic and common pathways.

Other specialized tests exist to measure the levels or activity of specific clotting factors, or to detect the presence of inhibitors that may interfere with clotting. These can include tests for fibrinogen levels, D-dimer, and specific factor assays.

Abnormal results in koagulationstests can indicate a range of conditions, from inherited bleeding disorders like hemophilia to acquired conditions such as liver disease or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). They are also essential for monitoring patients on warfarin or heparin therapy. The interpretation of these tests requires careful consideration of the patient's clinical history and other laboratory findings.