Klimaänderungsauswirkungen

Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate system, including temperature, precipitation, and sea level. The current rapid warming is driven mainly by human activities, especially burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes that raise greenhouse gas concentrations (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). These gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere and oceans, altering the energy balance, while natural factors such as volcanic activity and natural cycles contribute as well.

Evidence shows a global temperature increase of about 1.1°C since pre-industrial times. The oceans have absorbed most of the excess heat, and sea level has risen due to thermal expansion and ice loss. Observations also show shrinking Arctic sea ice, retreating glaciers, and changes in precipitation and extreme weather patterns. Scientific studies attribute the majority of recent warming to human activities.

Future changes depend on emissions. Higher-emission paths project larger warming, with impacts on ecosystems, water, agriculture, health, and infrastructure. Mitigation measures include switching to renewable energy, improving efficiency, electrification, reforestation, and carbon pricing. Adaptation involves building resilient infrastructure, protecting water resources, and early warning systems. Regional effects will vary, with some areas experiencing more heat, drought, flooding, or sea-level rise.

International governance aims to limit warming through cooperation under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, including the Paris Agreement and related protocols. Ongoing research addresses uncertainties in climate sensitivity and regional impacts, helping inform policy decisions. The response to climate change combines mitigation to reduce emissions with adaptation to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience.