Keynesiani

Keynesiani refers to the economic theories developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes. His seminal work, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money," published in 1936, challenged classical economic thought. Keynesian economics posits that aggregate demand is the primary driver of economic activity, particularly in the short run. During economic downturns, when demand falls, Keynes argued that governments should intervene to stimulate the economy.

This intervention often involves fiscal policy, such as increasing government spending or cutting taxes, to boost aggregate demand and encourage consumption and investment. Monetary policy, through adjustments in interest rates and money supply by central banks, also plays a role in Keynesian frameworks, though fiscal policy is often emphasized for its direct impact. Keynesian theory suggests that a free market, left entirely to its own devices, may not automatically return to full employment after a recession.

Keynesian ideas gained prominence during the Great Depression and heavily influenced economic policymaking in many Western countries for decades. While influential, Keynesian economics has also faced criticism and has evolved over time, with various schools of thought building upon or diverging from Keynes's original ideas. Debates continue regarding the extent and nature of government intervention in the economy.