Keskküttega

Keskküttega refers to a type of heating system commonly found in Estonia and other parts of Northern Europe. The term literally translates to "district heating" or "central heating." In a keskküttega system, heat is generated in a central facility, such as a power plant or a dedicated heating plant, and then distributed to multiple buildings through a network of insulated pipes. These buildings can include apartment blocks, houses, schools, and businesses.

The heat source for keskküttega can vary. Historically, it relied heavily on burning fossil fuels like coal and natural gas. However, there has been a significant shift towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources in recent years. This includes utilizing biomass, waste heat from industrial processes, and even geothermal energy. The primary advantage of district heating is its efficiency and potential for reduced emissions compared to individual heating systems in each building. By centralizing heat production, economies of scale can be achieved, and emissions can be more effectively managed and controlled at a single source.

The delivery of heat to individual buildings typically involves a heat exchanger. The hot water or steam from the district heating network passes through the exchanger, transferring its thermal energy to the water circulating within the building's own heating system. This water then flows through radiators or underfloor heating pipes to warm the interior spaces. The cooled water from the building's system is then returned to the central plant to be reheated, completing the cycle. Keskküttega is a cornerstone of urban infrastructure in many regions, providing a reliable and often cost-effective way to heat large numbers of dwellings and commercial properties.