Keratinoituneet

Keratinoituneet is a term used in dermatology and histology to describe cells that have undergone keratinization. This is a natural process where cells, particularly epidermal cells, accumulate keratin, a tough, fibrous protein. As cells keratinize, they lose their nucleus and other organelles and become flattened, eventually forming a protective layer. This process is essential for the skin's barrier function, protecting the body from external aggressors like pathogens, UV radiation, and dehydration.

The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is composed almost entirely of keratinized cells, also known as corneocytes. These dead, flattened cells are tightly packed together and are continuously shed and replaced by new cells migrating upwards from the lower epidermal layers. The rate of keratinization and shedding can be influenced by various factors, including age, environmental conditions, and certain medical conditions.

Disruptions in the keratinization process can lead to various dermatological issues. For example, an overproduction or failure to shed keratinized cells can result in conditions like psoriasis or ichthyosis, characterized by thick, scaly skin. Conversely, insufficient keratinization can compromise the skin's barrier, leading to increased sensitivity and susceptibility to infections. Understanding keratinization is therefore fundamental to comprehending the health and function of the skin.