Keltirdi

Keltirdi is a form in Turkish grammar. It is the simple past tense (geçmiş zaman) third-person singular of the causative verb keltirmek. In Turkish, causative verbs are often built with the -tir-/-tır- suffix added to a base stem, and the past tense suffix -di/-dı/-du/-dü attaches after the causative stem, yielding keltirdi in full surface form. The exact semantic sense of keltirdi depends on the base verb and its object, but as a past-causative form it generally describes an action in which the subject caused something to come into a certain state or to be brought about.

Morphology and phonology: The form follows Turkish vowel harmony and consonant rules. The stem keltir- combines with -di to form keltirdi, with the final spelling reflecting standard orthographic conventions of Turkish past tense conjugation. This pattern mirrors other causative past-tense forms in Turkish, where the causative stem is followed by the past tense suffix.

Usage: Keltirdi appears in narrative prose, journalism, and speech as a finite verb form. It requires a subject and an object (or clausal complement) to complete its meaning, and its precise translation varies with context. It is not a standalone lexical item but a grammatical inflection of the verb keltirmek or a related causative form.

Etymology: The root is part of the Turkish causative verb family formed with the suffix -tir-/-tır-. The exact historical development traces to older Turkic verb-derivation patterns and subsequent standard Turkish conventions.

See also: Turkish grammar, Turkish verbs, Past tense in Turkish, Causative verbs in Turkish.