Kazals

Kazals are a form of lyrical poetry or song that originated in Arabic and Persian cultures. They are typically composed of a series of rhyming couplets, known as sher, which are linked by a common meter and rhyme scheme. The theme of a kazal often revolves around love, longing, and spiritual devotion, although it can also explore philosophical or mystical ideas. The emotional depth and intricate imagery are central to the art form.

The structure of a kazal is quite specific. Each couplet is intended to be a self-contained unit of thought, yet it also contributes to the overall theme and progression of the poem. The first couplet, called the matla, establishes the rhyme and meter for the entire kazal. The final couplet, known as the maqta, often includes the poet's nom de plume or pen name. This tradition adds a personal touch and signature to the work.

Kazals have been a significant part of literary and musical traditions across South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East for centuries. They are often performed by singers accompanied by musical instruments, such as the sitar, tabla, or oud, enhancing their emotional resonance. The art of kazal writing and performance continues to be practiced and appreciated, with many renowned poets and musicians contributing to its rich legacy.