Karburiseres

Karburiseres is the Norwegian term for carburizing, a metallurgical heat-treatment process in which carbon is introduced into the surface layer of iron- and steel-based alloys. The goal is to create a hard, wear-resistant case while preserving a tougher, more ductile core.

The process relies on carbon diffusion into the surface at elevated temperature. Carburizing temperatures are typically around 880–980°C (about 1600–1800°F). After sufficient diffusion to achieve the desired case depth, parts are quenched to lock in hardness and often tempered to relieve internal stresses and adjust balance between hardness and toughness.

There are several carburizing methods. Gas carburizing uses a carbon-containing atmosphere, such as methane or natural gas. Pack carburizing places the parts in a solid carbon-rich medium, sometimes with minerals or graphite. Liquid carburizing employs molten salt or cyanide-based baths. Each method produces different carbon profiles, throughputs, and equipment requirements, with trade-offs in cost, environmental impact, and process control.

Outcomes and considerations. Typical case depths range from fractions of a millimeter up to several millimeters, depending on the alloy and process. Surface hardness is substantially higher than the core, often reaching around 60 HRC, while the core remains comparatively ductile. Applications include gears, shafts, cam followers, and bearing components where surface wear resistance is critical. Considerations include potential distortion, residual stresses, the need for precise quenching and tempering, and safety concerns related to certain carburizing environments and waste streams.