Karbonátová

Karbonátová is a term used in geology and chemistry to describe something related to carbonate ions. A carbonate ion is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula CO^2- _3_. It consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. This ion is planar and has a resonance structure where the charge is delocalized among the carbon and oxygen atoms.

Carbonate ions are fundamental building blocks for a vast class of minerals known as carbonates. These minerals are characterized by the presence of the carbonate group. Prominent examples of carbonate minerals include calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate, CaMg(CO3)2), and aragonite (another form of calcium carbonate). These minerals are widespread in the Earth's crust and form sedimentary rocks like limestone and marble.

The presence of carbonate can indicate various geological processes. For instance, carbonate rocks often form in marine environments where marine organisms, such as corals and shellfish, extract carbonate ions from seawater to build their shells and skeletons. Over geological time, these accumulations form thick layers of carbonate sediment. Carbonate chemistry also plays a crucial role in weathering and erosion processes, as well as in the formation of cave systems through the dissolution of carbonate rocks by acidic water. In industrial applications, carbonates are used in cement production, as fillers, and in the manufacturing of glass. The term "karbonátová" can therefore appear in discussions of mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and environmental science.