Karboksülaadiioon

Karboksülaadiioon is the anionic form of a carboxylic acid. It is characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH) that has lost a proton (H+), resulting in a negatively charged oxygen atom. The general formula for a carboxylate ion is RCOO-, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group. These ions are formed when carboxylic acids react with bases, a process known as deprotonation.

The negative charge in a carboxylate ion is delocalized across both oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group through resonance. This resonance stabilization makes carboxylic acids relatively acidic compared to alcohols. The degree of dissociation of a carboxylic acid and the stability of its conjugate base, the carboxylate ion, are influenced by the nature of the R group. Electron-withdrawing groups attached to the R group generally increase the acidity of the carboxylic acid and thus stabilize the carboxylate ion.

Carboxylate ions are important intermediates in many organic reactions, including esterification and saponification. They are also found in nature, for example, as components of amino acids and fatty acids. Many salts are formed by the combination of a carboxylate ion with a metal cation, such as sodium acetate (CH3COONa). These salts often have different solubility properties than their parent carboxylic acids.