Kapsuly

Kapsuly is a term used in Ukrainian and some related languages to denote capsules, a common dosage form in medicine and dietary supplements. A capsule is a small container that encloses a fill and is designed for oral administration, though some forms are used for other routes. There are two main types: hard capsules, made of two-piece shells that fit together, and soft capsules, formed from a single, flexible shell.

Hard capsules are typically made of gelatin and filled with powders, granules, or small pellets. Vegetarian or vegan versions use alternatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or pullulan. Soft capsules are usually gelatin-based and contain liquids or semi-solid fills, held in a single, continuous shell. The choice of material affects stability, dissolution, and suitability for different patients.

Contents may include active pharmaceutical ingredients, inactive ingredients, flavors, and colorants. Capsules can mask unpleasant tastes, protect fragile contents from moisture or air, and allow controlled release of the substance. They are widely used for medicines, vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements, as well as veterinary products.

Manufacture involves producing the shells and then filling them with the chosen contents, with hard capsules being sealed after filling and soft capsules forming a continuous seal. Quality control follows pharmacopeial standards, including content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution, moisture, and microbiological testing, to ensure safety and efficacy.

Safety and regulation: capsules must meet regulatory labeling and safety requirements. Gelatin capsules may present dietary restrictions for vegetarians, vegans, or certain religious groups, prompting the use of plant-based alternatives.

Etymology: the name derives from Latin capsula, meaning a small box.