Kapillärböljor

Kapillärböljor, also known as capillary waves or ripples, are the smallest type of waves that can form on the surface of a liquid. They are characterized by their extremely short wavelengths, typically less than 1.7 centimeters, and are primarily governed by surface tension rather than gravity. These delicate waves are commonly observed on the surface of water when disturbed by a light breeze or a gentle touch.

The formation of capillary waves is a direct consequence of the liquid's surface tension, which acts to minimize the surface area. When a disturbance occurs, the surface tension resists the deformation, leading to oscillatory motion. The restoring force is thus provided by surface tension, and the wave propagation speed is dependent on this property and the liquid's density. Unlike larger gravity waves, their behavior is not significantly influenced by the depth of the liquid as long as the depth is greater than their wavelength. Capillary waves play a role in various phenomena, including the scattering of light from a liquid surface and their presence can indicate the initial stages of a more significant disturbance.