Kapillaarvõrk

Kapillaarvõrk refers to the intricate network of capillaries within a biological system. Capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels, forming a fine mesh that connects arterioles and venules. Their primary function is to facilitate the exchange of essential substances between the blood and the body's tissues. This exchange includes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products.

The structure of capillaries is highly specialized for efficient diffusion. Their walls are extremely thin, typically consisting of a single layer of endothelial cells, which minimizes the distance for substances to travel. This thinness, combined with a vast surface area created by the extensive network, maximizes the rate of exchange.

The formation and maintenance of capillary networks, a process known as angiogenesis, are crucial for tissue health and function. Angiogenesis is regulated by various growth factors and signaling pathways. Disruptions in capillary networks can lead to significant health problems, affecting organs and overall physiological processes. For instance, inadequate capillary supply can cause ischemia, while excessive or abnormal growth is implicated in conditions like cancer. Therefore, understanding the kapillaarvõrk is fundamental to comprehending circulatory physiology and pathology.