Kanada

Kanada is a country in North America. It is the second-largest country by area and comprises ten provinces and three territories. The capital is Ottawa; the largest city is Toronto, followed by Montreal and Vancouver. Kanada is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliamentary democracy. The monarch is the head of state, represented by a Governor General, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.

Geography varies from forests and plains to the Arctic, with major waterways including the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. The population is about 39 million, and the country is known for its multicultural society. English and French are the official languages at the federal level, with bilingual services nationwide and recognition of Indigenous languages in various regions.

Indigenous peoples have lived in Kanada for thousands of years. The country joined the British Empire and became a self-governing dominion in 1867. The 1982 Constitution Act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms established the current constitutional framework. Canada has a federal system in which powers are shared between the national government and ten provinces; territories have limited powers.

Canada maintains a mixed economy with services, resource extraction, and manufacturing. Key sectors include energy, mining, forestry, and technology. It is a major trading partner of the United States and participates in global trade networks. The country provides universal health care and policies that support immigration, education, and social welfare, reflecting its emphasis on multiculturalism and human rights.