Kalciumfosfatföreningar

Kalciumfosfat, or calcium phosphate, refers to a family of inorganic compounds composed of calcium ions and phosphate groups. The term covers several minerals and crystalline forms, including hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH), tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4), and monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2). These materials occur naturally in rocks and soils and play a central role in biology as the primary mineral component of bones and teeth, where hydroxyapatite provides rigidity and a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions.

Calcium phosphate minerals exhibit a range of properties depending on hydration state and composition. They are generally poorly soluble in water, with solubility increasing under acidic conditions. This makes them useful in diverse applications, from biomedical materials to agriculture. Industrially, calcium phosphate is produced by precipitation reactions from soluble calcium salts and phosphate sources and is used as a bone graft substitute, a component in dental fillings and cements, and a dietary calcium supplement. It also serves as a common food additive (for example as a calcium source and drying agent) and as a soil amendment fertilizer to supply phosphorus and calcium.

Safety and environmental considerations depend on form and usage. Calcium phosphate is typically regarded as safe when used appropriately, but inhalation of powders or overapplication in soils can pose risks. In clinical and dental contexts, hydroxyapatite-based materials are valued for biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.