Küstenökosystem

Küstenökosystem describe the transitional zones where land meets the sea. These dynamic environments are characterized by a high degree of biodiversity and productivity due to the interaction of terrestrial and marine influences. They encompass a variety of habitats such as estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, coral reefs, rocky shores, and sandy beaches.

The physical conditions in Küstenökosystem are highly variable, influenced by factors like tides, wave action, salinity gradients, and nutrient input from both land and sea. These fluctuations create unique ecological niches that support specialized flora and fauna adapted to these challenging circumstances. For instance, salt marshes are dominated by salt-tolerant grasses and provide crucial breeding grounds for numerous bird and fish species. Mangrove forests, found in tropical and subtropical regions, offer protection against coastal erosion and serve as nurseries for many marine organisms.

Küstenökosystem play vital roles in regulating coastal processes, filtering pollutants, and buffering against storm surges. They are also economically important, supporting fisheries, tourism, and recreational activities. However, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human activities such as pollution, coastal development, overfishing, and climate change, which leads to sea-level rise and ocean acidification. Conservation efforts are crucial to maintain the health and functionality of these valuable natural resources.