Kõrvanäärmed

Kõrvanäärmed is the Estonian term for the parotid glands. These are the largest of the three major salivary glands and are located on either side of the face, in front of and below the ears. Their primary function is to produce saliva, which plays a crucial role in digestion, lubrication of the mouth, and the initial breakdown of carbohydrates through the enzyme amylase.

The parotid glands are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), which controls their secretion. Saliva is transported from the parotid glands to the mouth through Stensen's ducts, which open on the inner surface of the cheek, near the upper molars.

Problems with the parotid glands can include infections, such as mumps, which causes swelling and pain in the glands. Other conditions include salivary stones (sialolithiasis), which can block the ducts and lead to pain and swelling, and tumors, which can be benign or malignant. The examination of the parotid glands is a routine part of a physical assessment, and imaging techniques like ultrasound or CT scans can be used to diagnose abnormalities.