Kõhunäärmega

Kõhunäärmega, also known as the pancreas, is a gland organ in the upper abdomen. It plays a crucial role in both digestion and hormone production. Anatomically, it is located behind the stomach and is about six to ten inches long. It is divided into three parts: the head, body, and tail.

The exocrine function of the pancreas involves producing digestive enzymes essential for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These enzymes are released into the small intestine through a duct system. This digestive juice is vital for nutrient absorption.

The endocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by specialized cells called the islets of Langerhans. These cells produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, most notably insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream, while glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.

Disruptions in pancreatic function can lead to significant health issues. Conditions like pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, can cause severe abdominal pain and digestive problems. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is often associated with insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin's effects, highlighting the pancreas's critical role in glucose homeostasis. Pancreatic cancer is another serious disease affecting this organ.