Jäätymisvauriot

Jäätymisvauriot, or frost damage, refers to the detrimental effects caused by freezing temperatures on various materials and living organisms. In the context of buildings and infrastructure, it primarily concerns the expansion of water when it freezes. When water infiltrates porous materials like concrete, brick, or wood, and then freezes, the ice crystals exert pressure. This expansion can lead to cracks, spalling (flaking or chipping of the surface), and a general weakening of the material's structural integrity over time. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are particularly damaging, exacerbating existing weaknesses and causing progressive degradation. Examples include potholes forming in asphalt roads, damage to masonry facades, and compromised insulation in building envelopes.

In agriculture and horticulture, jäätymisvauriot affect plants. When plant tissues freeze, the water within them turns to ice, forming sharp crystals that rupture cell walls. This cellular damage disrupts essential biological processes, leading to wilting, browning, and death of plant parts, such as leaves, flowers, or fruits. The severity of the damage depends on the temperature, the duration of the cold, and the plant species' inherent frost tolerance. Different plants have varying levels of resistance, with some adapted to survive freezing conditions while others are highly susceptible. This phenomenon is a significant concern for crop yields and the survival of ornamental plants.