Jäätymisvaurio

Jäätymisvaurio, also known as frostbite, is tissue damage caused by freezing. It occurs when body tissues are exposed to temperatures below freezing point, leading to the formation of ice crystals within cells and blood vessels. This can impair blood flow and oxygen delivery, resulting in cell death and necrosis.

The severity of frostbite depends on factors such as temperature, duration of exposure, wind chill, and individual susceptibility. Common areas affected include extremities like fingers, toes, ears, and nose, as they have less blood flow and are more exposed to cold. Symptoms range from initial numbness and tingling to skin discoloration (white, blue, or gray), hardening, and loss of sensation. In severe cases, blistering, deep tissue damage, and gangrene can develop, potentially requiring amputation.

Treatment aims to rewarm the affected tissue gently and restore circulation. This is typically done by immersing the frostbitten area in warm water (around 40-42°C) for a specific period. Avoid rubbing or massaging the area, as this can cause further damage. Medical attention is crucial for moderate to severe frostbite to manage pain, prevent infection, and assess the extent of the injury. Prevention strategies include dressing warmly, avoiding prolonged exposure to extreme cold, staying hydrated, and recognizing early signs of frostbite.