Järginud

Järginud is an Estonian linguistic term describing the past active participle form of the verb järgnema, meaning “to follow.” As a past active participle, järginud indicates that the act of following has already occurred relative to another time reference. The sense is roughly “having followed” in English.

Formation and morphology: In Estonian, past active participles are formed by adding the suffix -nud to the verb stem, with rules for vowel harmony. The participle järginud is built from the stem järgin- plus the -ud suffix, producing a form that can function adjectivally or predicatively. Like other participles, järginud inflects for number and case to agree with its head noun.

Usage: Järginud typically functions as an adjective describing a noun, or as part of a predicate to express a completed following event. It can appear in relative clauses to convey prior action, or as part of attributive phrases that indicate a preceding relation to another event. In Estonian syntax, it behaves like other past active participles, enriching time and aspect information in a sentence.

Examples and nuance: The form emphasizes completion of the following action before a reference point in discourse. Its exact usage patterns align with standard rules for Estonian participles, including agreement with noun phrases and integration into subordinate clauses when needed.

See also: Estonian grammar; participles; järgnema.