Jännitehäiriöitä

Jännitehäiriöitä, or voltage disturbances, refer to deviations from the intended stable voltage level in an electrical power system. These disturbances can manifest in various forms, including sags, swells, interruptions, and transients.

Voltage sags, also known as undervoltages, are a temporary reduction in voltage magnitude. They can be caused by faults in the power system, starting large industrial loads, or the energization of transformers. Sag duration typically ranges from half a cycle to a minute.

Voltage swells, or overvoltages, are a temporary increase in voltage magnitude. They can occur during line energization, fault clearing, or when loads are suddenly disconnected. Swells are generally shorter in duration than sags.

Interruptions are a complete loss of voltage for a brief or extended period. They can be caused by faults, equipment failures, or planned maintenance. Short interruptions are typically less than three minutes, while long interruptions can last much longer.

Transients are very short-lived, high-magnitude voltage or current deviations. They can be caused by lightning strikes, switching operations, or electrostatic discharge. Transients can be oscillatory or unidirectional and can carry significant energy.

These voltage disturbances can have detrimental effects on sensitive electronic equipment, leading to malfunctions, data corruption, or permanent damage. They can also disrupt industrial processes and impact the overall reliability of the power supply. Mitigation strategies include using uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), voltage regulators, and surge protective devices.