Juudi

Juudi is the Estonian term for a Jew. In Estonian, juudi can refer to a person who belongs to the Jewish people or who practices Judaism, and it can also be used as an attributive adjective meaning “Jewish,” as in phrases describing culture, religion, or heritage.

Etymology and usage notes: the word juudi originates from historical forms in European languages that trace back to the Hebrew Yehudi or Latin Iudaeus, with similar development seen in many languages for the word “Jew.” In Estonian, it functions in everyday language as both a noun and an adjective, with neutral, non-pejorative connotations when used in proper context.

Historical context: Jews have lived in what is now Estonia for several centuries, primarily in urban centers such as Tallinn. The community experienced varying legal restrictions and social conditions over time, as in many European regions. The 20th century brought severe disruption during the Holocaust, and many Estonian Jews died or fled. After World War II, the community remained small and declined further due to emigration and assimilation, though a continuing though diminutive presence persisted.

Contemporary situation: today, Estonia has a small but organized Jewish community concentrated mainly in Tallinn, with activities spanning religious services, cultural events, education, and heritage preservation. Community institutions work to maintain Jewish memory and identity, while engaging with wider Estonian society and international Jewish networks. The topic intersects with broader discussions of Judaism in the Baltic region and the Jewish diaspora’s history in Europe.

See also: Judaism in Estonia; Jews in the Baltic states; Jewish diaspora communities.