Jooksmisel

Jooksmisel is an Estonian noun form derived from the verb jooksema (to run) and the noun jooksmine (the act of running). It denotes the state or context of running and is used to express circumstantial information in a sentence, such as describing actions that occur in the act of running or within the running context.

Formation and meaning: The term conveys ongoing or contextual running rather than a simple statement about the activity. In translation, jooksmisel is typically rendered as “in running” or “while running,” with the exact nuance depending on how it relates to the rest of the sentence. It is part of Estonian’s flexible nominal inflection system, which allows speakers to encode time, manner, or circumstance when an additional clause is not required.

Usage and contexts: Jooksmisel appears in formal, descriptive, and technical prose, including linguistic discussions of action nouns and how they can encode situational information. It is useful for setting a scene or specifying the condition under which another action takes place, particularly in sport, narrative writing, or analytical descriptions of movement.

Relation to related forms: The concept is connected to jooksmine (the act of running) and to other nominal forms that express circumstance or time in Estonian. Its exact use relies on the surrounding syntactic structure and the intended emphasis in the sentence.

See also: Estonian language, jooksmine, jooksema.