Jogalanyiság

Jogalanyiság, or legal capacity, refers to the ability of an individual or entity to possess and exercise legal rights, assume obligations, and engage in legally binding transactions. In Hungarian law, this concept is fundamental to determining who can enter into contracts, own property, or be held legally responsible for their actions.

Legal capacity is typically divided into two main categories: general legal capacity and special legal capacity. General legal capacity, or *általános jogalanyiság*, applies to all individuals who have reached the age of majority, which in Hungary is 18 years. This capacity allows them to perform all legal acts without restriction, including entering into contracts, acquiring property, and suing or being sued in court.

Special legal capacity, or *különleges jogalanyiság*, applies to minors under 18 and certain individuals with legal disabilities. Minors generally lack full legal capacity but may engage in specific transactions with parental consent or under court supervision. For example, they can enter into contracts related to their education or personal needs with the approval of their legal representatives.

Legal capacity can also be affected by mental or physical disabilities. Individuals deemed legally incapacitated by a court may require assistance or representation in legal matters. In such cases, a legal guardian or curator is appointed to act on their behalf.

Jogalanyiság is also relevant for legal entities, such as corporations or associations, which must meet specific registration and governance requirements to operate legally. These entities possess legal personality, allowing them to own assets, enter contracts, and be held liable for their actions.

The concept of jogalanyiság ensures that legal transactions are conducted fairly and that individuals and entities are held accountable for their obligations. It provides a framework for protecting rights while maintaining order within the legal system.