Jarðvegsormar

Jarðvegsormar, commonly known as earthworms, are segmented invertebrates belonging to the phylum Annelida. They are found in soil worldwide, playing a crucial role in soil health and ecosystem function. Earthworms typically have long, cylindrical bodies, divided into many segments. Their coloration can vary from pinkish-brown to reddish-brown. They lack eyes, ears, and teeth, relying on sensory receptors throughout their bodies to navigate and detect their environment.

The primary food source for earthworms is organic matter present in the soil. They ingest soil, digest the decaying plant and animal material, and excrete nutrient-rich casts. This process of burrowing and casting is vital for aerating the soil, improving drainage, and breaking down organic matter, which enriches the soil with essential nutrients for plant growth. Different species of earthworms occupy distinct soil layers; some live near the surface, feeding on leaf litter, while others burrow deeper into the soil.

Reproduction in earthworms typically involves hermaphroditism, meaning each individual possesses both male and female reproductive organs. However, they usually cross-fertilize with another earthworm. They lay fertilized eggs in a cocoon, which is deposited in the soil. The number of offspring and the time to hatching depend on environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture. Earthworms are an important food source for various animals, including birds, moles, and some reptiles, forming a significant link in the food chain.