Jaotusvõrgustik

A jaotusvõrgustik, or distribution network, is a system of electrical conductors and associated equipment used to deliver electricity from transmission substations to end-users. These networks are crucial for powering homes, businesses, and industries. They operate at lower voltages compared to transmission lines, making the electricity safer and more practical for consumption. The network typically comprises overhead power lines supported by poles, underground cables, substations, transformers, and switches. Substations play a key role in reducing the voltage from transmission levels to distribution levels. Transformers then further step down the voltage to the levels required by consumers, such as 230/400 volts in residential areas.

The design and maintenance of a jaotusvõrgustik are complex, involving considerations of reliability, efficiency, and safety. Faults within the network, such as short circuits or broken conductors, can lead to power outages. Therefore, protective devices like circuit breakers and fuses are installed to isolate faulty sections and prevent wider disruptions. Modern distribution networks are increasingly incorporating smart grid technologies, which allow for better monitoring, control, and automation of the system. This includes features like real-time data collection, remote fault detection, and the integration of distributed energy resources like solar panels. The goal of a well-functioning jaotusvõrgustik is to ensure a consistent and stable supply of electricity to all connected users.