JAKSTATvälitteistä

JAKSTATvälitteistä refers to signaling pathways mediated by Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). This pathway is crucial for cellular responses to a wide variety of cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. When a ligand binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it causes receptor dimerization and activation of associated JAK enzymes. These activated JAKs then phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptor. These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as docking sites for STAT proteins. Once recruited to the receptor, STATs are also phosphorylated by JAKs. Phosphorylated STATs then dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression. This intricate cascade allows cells to respond rapidly and specifically to external signals, influencing processes such as cell growth, differentiation, survival, and immune responses. Dysregulation of JAK-STAT signaling is implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and cancers, making it a significant target for therapeutic interventions.