Jännitteenkorotusmuuntaja

Jännitteenkorotusmuuntaja, often translated as a step-up transformer, is an electrical device that increases the voltage of an alternating current (AC). It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, utilizing two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, wound around a common ferromagnetic core. The primary winding is connected to the input voltage source, while the secondary winding is connected to the load where the increased voltage is required.

The key to a step-up transformer's function lies in the ratio of the number of turns in its secondary winding to the number of turns in its primary winding. If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding, the voltage induced in the secondary coil will be higher than the voltage applied to the primary coil. Conversely, if the primary winding has more turns than the secondary, it acts as a step-down transformer, reducing the voltage.

The power in an ideal transformer remains constant, meaning that as the voltage is increased, the current is proportionally decreased, adhering to the power formula P = V * I. In reality, transformers exhibit some energy losses due to factors like resistance in the windings and magnetic hysteresis in the core, resulting in slightly lower power output than input.

Step-up transformers are crucial in various applications. They are widely used in power transmission systems to increase the voltage for efficient long-distance transport of electricity, minimizing energy loss over transmission lines. They are also found in electronics, such as in power supplies for specific devices that require a higher voltage than the mains supply.