Jäisissä

Jäisissä is the inessive plural form of the Finnish adjective jäinen, meaning icy or frozen. In Finnish, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in number and case, so jäinen takes different endings to match the noun. When the modified noun is plural and in the inessive case, the adjective becomes jäisissä. This form is typically translated as “in icy” or “in icy conditions,” depending on the noun it accompanies.

The form is commonly used in descriptive writing, weather reports, and prose describing cold environments. Typical collocations include jäisissä olosuhteissa (in icy conditions), jäisissä vesissä (in icy waters), and jäisissä metsissä (in icy forests). Because jäisissä requires a plural noun, it cannot stand alone; it functions as a modifier within a larger phrase.

Etymology and morphology: jäinen derives from the noun jää (ice). The -inen suffix forms the adjective, and the inessive plural ending -issä marks the location/state “in.” The related forms include jäinen (singular), jäistä (partitive/genitive forms), and jäisten (genitive plural forms), depending on the case and number of the noun.

See also: jäinen, jää, olosuhde, olosuhteet.

Notes: The exact choice of ending in Finnish depends on the noun’s number and case; jäisissä is specifically used with plural nouns in the inessive. The term is primarily grammatical and descriptive rather than a distinct cultural or historical concept.