Izoliatoriai

Izoliatoriai, a Lithuanian term, translates to "insulators" in English and refers to materials used to prevent or significantly reduce the flow of electric current. These materials possess high electrical resistance, meaning they do not readily conduct electricity. In electrical engineering and everyday life, insulators are crucial for safety and the proper functioning of electrical devices and systems.

Common insulating materials include ceramics like porcelain and glass, polymers such as rubber and plastic, and natural substances like mica and dry wood. The choice of insulator depends on the specific application, considering factors such as voltage levels, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity), and mechanical strength requirements.

In power transmission and distribution, insulators are prominently used on high-voltage poles and towers to support and separate live electrical conductors from the grounded structure. This prevents short circuits and ensures electricity is delivered efficiently and safely to consumers. Within electrical appliances and wiring, insulation wraps around conductors to prevent accidental contact, protecting users from electric shock and preventing damage to the equipment. Dielectric strength, the maximum electric field an insulator can withstand without breaking down, is a key property determining its suitability for a particular voltage. The absence of free electrons or mobile ions in insulators is the fundamental reason for their low conductivity.