Iyalorixá

Iyalorixá is a term from the Yoruba religion, also known as Candomblé, which is practiced primarily in Brazil. It refers to a spiritual leader, specifically a mother of the orixás (deities). The term is composed of "iya" meaning mother, "ori" meaning head, and "ixá" meaning consecrated or priestess. Therefore, an Iyalorixá is a consecrated mother, a high-ranking priestess who has undergone extensive spiritual initiation and training.

Iyalorixás are responsible for the spiritual and administrative leadership of a Candomblé community, known as a "terreiro" or "cazulo." They oversee rituals, care for the orixás, guide initiates, and maintain the traditions and laws of their specific Candomblé nation or "nação." Their role is multifaceted, encompassing spiritual authority, community guidance, and the preservation of ancestral knowledge.

The title is bestowed upon women who have reached a certain level of spiritual maturity and have proven their dedication and knowledge within the religion. It is a position of great respect and responsibility within the Candomblé hierarchy. While the term is specifically feminine, there is a male equivalent, the Babalorixá, who holds a similar leadership position. The distinction between Iyalorixá and Babalorixá is based on gender.