Isothermalverfahren

Isothermalverfahren, also known as isothermal processes, are thermodynamic processes that occur at a constant temperature. In such a process, heat is transferred into or out of the system in such a way that the system's internal energy remains unchanged, assuming the temperature is the only factor affecting internal energy. This means that any work done by or on the system is perfectly balanced by heat transfer. For an ideal gas, an isothermal expansion or compression occurs slowly enough to allow for the continuous exchange of heat with the surroundings, maintaining a constant temperature. During an isothermal expansion, the gas does work on its surroundings, and to maintain constant temperature, heat must be absorbed by the gas from the surroundings. Conversely, during an isothermal compression, work is done on the gas, and heat must be released by the gas to the surroundings. The relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) for an ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process is described by Boyle's Law, which states that PV = constant. Isothermal processes are theoretical ideals, as achieving perfect thermal equilibrium and infinitesimally slow changes in real-world systems is challenging. However, they serve as important conceptual models in thermodynamics and are approximated in certain experimental conditions.