Isosyanaattien

Isocyanoates are a class of organic compounds with the general formula R–N=C=O. They are characterized by the presence of the isocyanate functional group, -N=C=O. This functional group is highly reactive, particularly towards nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines, and water.

The reactivity of the isocyanate group makes them valuable intermediates in the synthesis of a wide range of materials. Their most significant application is in the production of polyurethanes. In this process, isocyanates react with polyols (compounds containing multiple hydroxyl groups) to form urethane linkages, creating polymers with diverse properties suitable for foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. Common examples of isocyanates used in polyurethane production include toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

Isocyanates can be synthesized through various methods, often involving the reaction of amines with phosgene, although alternative, phosgene-free routes are also employed due to the toxicity of phosgene. The chemical properties of isocyanates, such as their electrophilic carbon atom, drive their characteristic reactions. While incredibly useful, isocyanates are generally toxic and require careful handling, with potential respiratory and skin irritant effects.