Isostatico

Isostatico is an adjective used in technical contexts to denote a condition in which forces or pressures are balanced or distributed uniformly, ensuring static equilibrium. The term derives from Greek iso- “equal” and statikos “standing.” In geology, isostasy describes the vertical balance between the Earth’s lithosphere and the more ductile mantle beneath it. The crust “floats” on the mantle like an iceberg, adjusting its thickness or density to maintain equilibrium. Two classical models explain this balance: the Airy model, where topographic load is supported by variations in crustal thickness, and the Pratt model, where lateral changes in rock density compensate for the same surface elevation. Isostatic processes explain why mountain roots extend deep and why land rebounds after ice sheets melt, reaching a new equilibrium.

In engineering and manufacturing, isostatic methods apply uniform pressure from all directions. Isostatic pressing (or hot isostatic pressing) encloses a part in a fluid medium within a high-pressure vessel and subjects it to equal pressure from all sides, producing near-net-shape parts with reduced porosity and uniform density. Isostatic mounting and isostatic supports use multiple contacts or compliant elements to distribute loads evenly, minimizing bending stresses and distortion in precision components and optical assemblies.

The concept underpins both natural phenomena and industrial processes, reflecting a broader idea of equilibrium through even distribution of forces.