Isomeeria

Isomeeria is not a standard term in formal chemical nomenclature. It is likely a misspelling or regional variant of isomerism (isomería in some languages) and isomeric concepts. In chemistry, isomerism refers to phenomena where two or more compounds share the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms or in their three-dimensional orientation, leading to distinct properties.

There are several main types of isomerism. Structural (constitutional) isomerism occurs when the connectivity of atoms differs, as in butane (C4H10) versus isobutane, or 1-chloropropane versus 2-chloropropane. Stereoisomerism involves differences in spatial arrangement without changes in connectivity, including geometric (cis-trans) isomerism around restricted bonds, such as cis-1,2-dichloroethene compared with its trans form, and optical isomerism, where enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images that may rotate plane-polarized light differently. Chiral molecules can also form diastereomeric relationships, which are not mirror images.

Conformational isomerism describes different shapes that a molecule can adopt by rotation around single bonds, such as staggered and eclipsed forms in alkanes. Isomerism profoundly influences physical properties, chemical reactivity, and biological activity, even though isomers share the same molecular formula.

Analysis and identification rely on techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Polarimetry and chiral chromatography can distinguish and separate enantiomers. If the term is intended specifically, it should be clarified as a variant spelling of isomerism or isomeria.