Isoleeringu

Isoleeringu is the process or state of isolating something from something else to prevent interaction, transfer of energy or matter, or contamination. In Estonian usage the term covers different kinds of separation and insulation across various fields, including thermal, electrical, chemical, and biological contexts.

In construction and building physics, isoleeringu often refers to thermal insulation. The goal is to reduce heat transfer between the interior and exterior of a building, improving energy efficiency, comfort, and reducing heating and cooling costs. Materials used for thermal insulation include mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane foams, and natural fibers, chosen for their low thermal conductivity and suitability for the building environment.

In electrical engineering, isoleeringu denotes galvanic or electrical isolation. This means preventing current or voltage from flowing directly between two parts of a system to avoid shock, interference, or damage. Methods include using insulating materials, barriers, transformers with isolation properties, and opto-couplers to transfer signals without a direct electrical connection.

In laboratory and pharmaceutical settings, isoleeringu refers to isolating substances or organisms to prevent cross-contamination, to enable purification, or to maintain controlled conditions. Common techniques include chemical separation, distillation, chromatography, and the use of sterile containment systems.

In medicine and healthcare, patient isolation is a public health measure used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Isolation procedures may involve dedicated rooms, negative pressure environments, and the use of personal protective equipment.

In information technology and data security, network isolation or air-gapping is used to prevent unauthorized data transfer between systems or networks, reducing the risk of breaches.

Standards and guidelines for isoleeringu vary by domain and address safety, performance, and regulatory compliance specific to thermal, electrical, chemical, medical, or information security applications.