Isolatsioonõlid

Isolatsioonõlid, also known as insulating oils or dielectric oils, are specialized fluids used primarily for their electrical insulating properties and their ability to dissipate heat. They are crucial components in a variety of electrical equipment, most notably transformers, but also in high-voltage capacitors, circuit breakers, and some switchgear. The primary function of an insulating oil is to prevent electrical arcing and flashovers between conductive parts that are at different electrical potentials.

These oils must possess a high dielectric strength, meaning they can withstand a strong electric field without breaking down and conducting electricity. They also need good thermal conductivity to effectively remove heat generated by electrical losses within the equipment, preventing overheating and extending the lifespan of the components. Furthermore, insulating oils should be chemically stable, resistant to oxidation, and have a low viscosity to allow for efficient circulation and cooling.

Historically, mineral oils derived from petroleum have been the most widely used insulating oils due to their cost-effectiveness and favorable properties. However, concerns about environmental impact and fire safety have led to the development and increasing use of alternative insulating fluids. These include natural esters (vegetable-based oils) and synthetic esters, which offer improved fire safety and biodegradability, though often at a higher cost. The selection of an appropriate insulating oil depends on the specific requirements of the electrical equipment, including operating voltage, temperature, and environmental considerations. Regular testing and maintenance of insulating oils are essential to ensure the reliable and safe operation of electrical power systems.