Iodinumalapú

Iodinumalapú, also known as *Iodine Deficiency Disorders* (IDD), refers to a range of health issues caused by insufficient iodine intake in the diet. Iodine is an essential trace element required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and brain development. The most common consequence of iodine deficiency is goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland that can impair swallowing and breathing in severe cases.

Iodine deficiency is particularly prevalent in regions where soil and water naturally lack iodine, such as parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. It disproportionately affects pregnant women and young children, leading to complications like miscarriages, stillbirths, congenital disabilities, and impaired cognitive development. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that iodine deficiency affects nearly two billion people worldwide, making it one of the most common preventable causes of mental disability.

To combat iodine deficiency, many countries have implemented salt iodization programs, adding small amounts of iodine to table salt. This public health measure has significantly reduced IDD cases in regions where it has been adopted. Other sources of dietary iodine include iodized foods, seafood, dairy products, and eggs. Regular monitoring of iodine levels through blood tests and urine analysis helps identify at-risk populations and guide preventive measures.

While iodine deficiency is largely preventable, severe cases may require medical intervention, such as thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Public awareness campaigns and nutritional education play a crucial role in ensuring adequate iodine intake, particularly in vulnerable groups like pregnant women and children.