Investicij

Investicij is a term found in several Slavic languages referring to the process or result of allocating resources with the expectation of future benefit. In standard form, investicija denotes investment; investicij may appear as a declined form in certain grammatical cases or as a transliteration variant in older texts. The concept, in economics, encompasses financial investments such as stocks, bonds, and funds, as well as real assets like real estate, infrastructure, and equipment, and human capital investments such as education and training. Investments aim to generate returns that compensate for time, risk, and opportunity costs.

Investments are evaluated by expected return and risk. Common measures include return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). Key principles include the risk–return tradeoff, time diversification, liquidity, and the cost of capital. Markets and institutions such as stock exchanges, banks, mutual funds, and venture capital firms facilitate investment, enable price discovery, and provide diversification.

Over time, investment theory has evolved from simple capital allocation to include models of risk, portfolio theory, and behavioral finance. The goal of investing is to grow wealth, fund consumption, or support business growth, while managing uncertainty.

Linguistic note: investicija is the standard noun for 'investment' in several South Slavic languages; investicij is not a separate concept but may appear as a grammatical variant or transcriptional form in some texts.