Interstitialzellen

Interstitialzellen, also known as Leydig cells, are endocrine cells found in the testes of male mammals. They are located in the connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules, which are responsible for sperm production. The primary function of interstitial cells is to produce and secrete androgens, the most important of which is testosterone. This production is stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), which is released from the anterior pituitary gland. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as the growth of facial hair, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle mass. It is also essential for spermatogenesis, the process of sperm formation.

Beyond testosterone production, interstitial cells also secrete other hormones, including androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), though in much smaller quantities. These hormones can be converted into testosterone or estrogen in other tissues. During fetal development, interstitial cells are responsible for producing testosterone, which is vital for the differentiation of the male reproductive tract. After birth, their activity significantly decreases until puberty, when LH levels rise and stimulate their renewed function. The number and activity of interstitial cells can be influenced by various factors, including age, hormonal status, and exposure to environmental toxins. Their proper functioning is critical for male reproductive health and overall endocrine balance.